Strabo, 5, 4, 11 C 249-250

 

Editor: F.Russo

Text:

Σαυνῖται δὲ πρότερον μὲν καὶ μέχρι τῆς Λατίνης τῆς περὶ Ἀρδέαν ἐξοδίας ποιούμενοι, μετὰ δὲ ταῦτα αὐτὴν τὴν Καμπανίαν πορθοῦντες πολλὴν ἐκέκτηντο δύναμιν· καὶ γὰρ ἄλλως δεσποτικῶς ἄρχεσθαι μεμαθηκότες ταχὺ ὑπούργουν τοῖς προστάγμασι. νυνὶ δ᾽ ἐκπεπόνηνται τελέως ὑπό τε ἄλλων καὶ τὸ τελευταῖον ὑπὸ Σύλλα τοῦ μοναρχήσαντος Ῥωμαίων, ὃς ἐπειδὴ πολλαῖς μάχαις καταλύσας τὴν τῶν Ἰταλιωτῶν ἐπανάστασιν τούτους σχεδόν τι μόνους συμμένοντας ἑώρα καὶ ὁμοίως ὁρμῶντας, ὥστε καὶ ἐπ᾽ αὐτὴν τὴν Ῥώμην ἐλθεῖν, συνέστη πρὸ τοῦ τείχους αὐτοῖς, καὶ τοὺς μὲν ἐν τῇ μάχῃ κατέκοψε κελεύσας μὴ ζωγρεῖν, τοὺς δὲ ῥίψαντας τὰ ὅπλα, περὶ τρισχιλίους ἄνδρας ἢ τετρακισχιλίους φασίν, εἰς τὴν δημοσίαν ἔπαυλιν τὴν ἐν τῷ Κάμπῳ καταγαγὼν εἷρξε· τρισὶ δὲ ὕστερον ἡμέραις ἐπιπέμψας στρατιώτας ἅπαντας ἀπέσφαξε, προγραφάς τε ποιούμενος οὐκ ἐπαύσατο πρὶν ἢ πάντας τοὺς ἐν ὀνόματι Σαυνιτῶν διέφθειρεν ἢ ἐκ τῆς Ἰταλίας ἐξέβαλε· πρὸς δὲ τοὺς αἰτιωμένους τὴν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον ὀργὴν ἔφη καταμαθεῖν ἐκ τῆς πείρας, ὡς οὐδέποτ᾽ ἂν εἰρήνην ἀγάγοι Ῥωμαίων οὐδὲ εἷς, ἕως ἂν συμμένωσι καθ᾽ ἑαυτοὺς Σαυνῖται. καὶ γάρ τοι νυνὶ κῶμαι γεγόνασιν αἱ πόλεις, ἔνιαι δ᾽ ἐκλελοίπασι τελέως, Bοϊανόν, Αἰσερνία, Πάννα, Τελεσία συνεχὴς Οὐενάφρῳ καὶ ἄλλαι τοιαῦται, ὧν οὐδεμίαν ἄξιον ἡγεῖσθαι πόλιν.

Edition: LASSERRE 1967

Translation: “The Samnites, by making incursions into Latium as far as Ardea, and afterwards devastating Campania itself, greatly extended their power. The Campanians, being accustomed to a despotic government, yielded ready obedience to their commands. Nowadays, they have been almost entirely exterminated by several Roman generals, and lately by Sulla, who had the greatest power in Rome. Sulla, after having extinguished the Italian revolt by numerous battles, observed that the Samnites, almost without exception, remained in one body and with one sole intention, and that they had even marched upon Rome itself; therefore, he gave them battle under the walls of the city, and as he had issued orders to make no prisoners, many of them were cut to pieces on the field, while the remainders – about three or four thousand men, who threw down their arms – were led off to the Villa Publica in the Campus Martius, and there shut in; three days after soldiers were sent in who massacred all of them; and when Sulla drew up his conscription list, he did not rest satisfied until he had destroyed, or driven from Italy, every one who bore a Samnite name. To those who reproached him for this animosity, he replied that he had learned by experience that not a single Roman could rest in peace so long as any of the Samnites survived. Thus, their cities have now become villages, and some are even disappeared at all: Bovianum, Aesernia, Panna, Telesia near to Venafrum and others of the same kind, none of which are worth the name of city.” (F.Russo)

Dating: 82 BC (LASSERRE 1967)

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